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| 0 | 1. The Requirement |
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| 1 | 2. Rationale |
| 2 | 3. Guidance |
| 3 | 4. Small Projects |
| 4 | 5. Resources |
| 5 | 6. Lessons Learned |
| 6 | 7. Software Assurance |
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1. Requirements
1.1 NotesNPR 7150.2, NASA Software Engineering Requirements, does not include any notes for this requirement. 1.2 HistoryClick here to view the history of this requirement: SWE-157 History 1.3 Applicability Across Classes
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2. Rationale“Current trends in technology proliferation, accessibility to space, globalization of space programs and industries, commercialization of space systems and services, and foreign knowledge about U.S. space systems increase the likelihood that vulnerable U.S. space systems may come under attack, particularly vulnerable systems...The reality is that there are many existing capabilities to deny, disrupt, or physically destroy orbiting spacecraft and the ground facilities that command and control them... Nations or groups hostile to the United States either possess or can acquire the means to disrupt or destroy U.S. space systems by attacking satellites in space, their communications nodes on the ground and in space, the ground nodes that command these satellites or process their data, and/or the commercial infrastructure that supports a space system’s operations.”
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3. Guidance
When ensuring that software systems with space communications capabilities are protected against unauthorized access, space flight software development organizations perform three primary functions;
- Use the Project Protection Plan to determine how the mission software-related space communications capabilities should be protected against unauthorized access.
- Implement the access controls associated with space flight software-related communications capabilities as identified in the Project Protection Plan.
- Ensure that all software-related space communications capabilities are evaluated for software security vulnerabilities.
“Project protection plans are single-source documents that coordinate and integrate protection efforts and prevent inadvertent or uncontrolled disclosure of sensitive program information. Protection plans provide project management personnel (project manager, project scientist, mission systems engineer, operations manager, user community, etc.) with an overall view of the valid threats to a space system (both hostile and environmental), identify infrastructure vulnerabilities, and propose security countermeasures to mitigate risks and enhance the survivability of the mission.”
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During the development cycle, as early as possible in the requirements and design life cycle phases, the space flight software development team works with IT personnel and other software security experts, including the Information System Security Officer (ISSO), to ensure that access controls following the requirements of the system’s security categorization and with the protection measures specified in the project protection plan are in place for software systems with space communications capabilities. Even when there is no project protection plan, access control measures are put in place to protect these systems and the assets they control.
Access control measures may include any combination of the following (list not all-inclusive):
- Restricted room access (e.g., keypad or badge swipe controls).
- Restricted console access (e.g., badge, biometric, password, or other controls).
- Procedural physical access (e.g., security policies and procedures).
- Laptop security.
- Controlled network access (e.g., dedicated networks, secure networks).
- Personnel background checks.
Sources of information to help identify and implement access control measures include:
- System security plan (typically part of the project’s documentation suite; this plan drives development (and later operations) along with the documents that incorporate the security concept of operations, design, requirements, testing plan, etc.).
- Security requirements trace matrix (if not part of the project’s bi-directional requirements trace matrix).
- Security requirements document (maybe part of the project’s software requirements document).
- Security design document (maybe part of the project’s software design documentation).
It is necessary to address all use cases when establishing access controls. Consider all combinations of roles and assets accessible (or not) to those roles to be sure that all system access points have been addressed.
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NASA users should consult center Process Asset Libraries (PALs) for center-specific guidance and resources related to software security. |
Additional guidance related to software security may be found in the following related requirements in this Handbook:
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4. Small ProjectsNo additional guidance is available for small projects. |
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5. Resources
5.1 References
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Enter the necessary modifications to be made in the table below:
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SWEREFs NOT called out in text but listed as germane: 064, 065, 082
SWEREFs called out in the text: 273, 663
5.2 Tools
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6. Lessons Learned6.1 NASA Lessons LearnedNo Lessons Learned have currently been identified for this requirement. 6.2 Other Lessons LearnedNo other Lessons Learned have currently been identified for this requirement. |
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7. Software Assurance
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7.1 Tasking for Software Assurance
- For software products with communications capabilities, confirm that the software requirements and software design documentation addresses unauthorized access.
7.2 Software Assurance Products
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7.3 Metrics
- # of software work product Non-Conformances identified by life-cycle phase over time.
7.4 Guidance
Additional items to consider:
1. Confirm that the software implementation requirements include protections for software systems with communications capabilities against unauthorized access. Assess the project's communication capabilities against the requirements in the NASA-STD-1006
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2. Confirm that the software whitelists only known addresses and devices and default-deny other communication capability attempts. Default deny unknown devices, addresses (IP TCP/UDP, etc.), and other unknown or unused interface protocol types that are not used by the project or program. A layer of boundary protection regarding the software and its interface should be considered as a protection mechanism against unauthorized access to the software system.
3. Analyze software communication using a network analyzer/mapper/scanner, or protocol bus analyzer while the code is running (dynamic code analysis) to determine which protocols, addresses, other software, and devices the software is interfacing with. Provide results to software engineering and suggest changes in open ports, protocols, or services. This will identify potential open access points to the software and certain protocols might be able to be blocked depending upon the application or interface type used with the software. However, this type of analysis may be required at the system level depending on the type of software built.
