1.

Requirements

3.1.2.3

The

project

shall

perform

requirements

validation

to

ensure

that

the

software

will

perform

as

intended

in

the

customer

environment.

h2. {color:#003366}{*}1.1 Notes{*}{color} Requirements validation includes confirmation that the requirements meet the needs and expectations of the customer. Requirement validation is confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled. h2. 1.2 Applicability Across Classes {applicable:asc=1\|ansc=1\|bsc=1\|bnsc=1\|csc=1\|cnsc=1\|dsc=1\|dnsc=0\|esc=1\|ensc=0\|f=1\|g=1|h=0|} {div3}

{div3:id=tabs-2}

h1. 2. Rationale

Requirements are the basis for a project. They identify the need to be addressed, the behavior of the system, and the constraints under which the problem is to be solved. They also specify the performance of the product to be delivered by a contracted provider of software.

{floatbox}Per the NASA IV&V Technical Framework{sweref:003}document, "The objective of Requirements IV&V is to ensure the system's software requirements are high quality (correct, consistent, complete, accurate, readable, and testable), and will adequately meet the needs of the system and expectations of its customers and users, considering its operational environment under nominal and off-nominal conditions, and that no unintended features are introduced..." {floatbox}
Requirements that accurately describe the need to be solved by the project team need to be defined before the main planning and building activities begin. Validation is one way to ensure the requirements define the need completely, clearly, correctly, and consistently to give the software engineers the best chance to build the correct product. 

Validation is a process of evaluating artifacts to ensure that the right behaviors have been defined in the artifacts. The right behaviors adequately describe what the system is supposed to do, what the system is not supposed to do, and what the system is supposed to do under adverse conditions.  

Marasco (2007) describes requirements validation as "making sure everyone understands and agrees on the requirements put forth, and that they are realistic and precise" {sweref:247}

Other reasons for validating requirements:
* To ensure customer satisfaction with the end product.
* To reduce costs (i.e., get it right the first time).
* To gain confidence that the requirements can be fulfilled for the intended use.
* To clarify meaning and expectations.
{div3}

1.1 Notes

Requirements validation includes confirmation that the requirements meet the needs and expectations of the customer. Requirement validation is confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled.

1.2 Applicability Across Classes

{div3:id=tabs-4}

h1. 4. Small Projects

Small projects need to balance the effectiveness of the available methods against available resources to validate requirements associated with software. Safety-critical requirements, human-rated requirements, and other critical requirements need to be validated with appropriately rigorous methods which are documented in the project's software development/management plan.
{div3}

{div3:id=tabs-5}

h1. 5. Resources

{refstable}
{toolstable}
{div3}

• components –
  • Relevant stakeholders investigate and review a product, such as requirements to determine if it meets preset criteria and to identify product defects.
  • Peer reviews and inspections are useful for validating documents, such as SRSs, and allow for peer discussion of the technical aspects of the document content.
  • Inspections can be informal or formal with formal inspections being more structured with specific activities, assigned roles, and defined results (metrics, defects, etc.).
  • Inspections typically cover larger volumes of information than formal reviews and only identify the issues; solutions are typically not part of the peer review/inspection process.
• Analysis
  • Analysis can be considered a "lightweight" version of running software against a simulation and involves going through the calculations without actually running the simulation in real time.
  • Analysis removes the time-related aspects of the validation, which may need to be validated using a different technique.
  • Use this technique as part of an overall validation strategy or as a precursor step to a full simulation.
  • Beta testing of new software applications.
  • Use this technique when budget and time allow, when stakeholders are hands-on, when stakeholders (primarily user groups) and project schedule are amenable to this type of testing, etc.
    
• Paper simulations/prototyping/storyboarding:

  sweref
  304 304

  • Drawing prototypes on paper.
  • This is a low-cost prototyping technique that might be useful in the early stages of high-level requirements development to capture and display visually the ideas and concepts or for projects that don't have the budget for prototyping in software.
  • Issues with prototyping on paper include storing for future reference and difficulty transforming into executable prototypes.
  • Typically these prototypes simply end up in requirements documents.
• Use-case based modeling:

  sweref
  304 304

  • Modeling system behavior using use-cases to identify actors and their interaction with the system.
  • Use this technique when it is easy to identify users (both human and other systems) and services or functionality provided by the system.
  • This technique is helpful when the focus of the software defined by the requirements is on user interaction with the system because use-case models depict a problem and solution from the user's point of view, "who" does "what" with the system.
• Viewpoint-oriented requirements validation:

  sweref
  304 304

  • Identify conflicting requirements based on viewpoints of various stakeholders.
  • Use this technique when there is a need to identify conflicting requirements based on viewpoints or when it is important to consider requirements from multiple perspectives.
• Formal methods
  • Mathematically rigorous techniques.
  • Use this technique to validate formal requirements specifications or to validate key properties of requirements.

    sweref
    181 181

• Review of test cases
  • Reviewing test cases individually and as a set to confirm  coverage of system scenarios

    sweref
    209 209

    .
  • Reviewing test cases with stakeholders to confirm functional and operational scenarios (as defined by the requirements).
  • Development and review of test cases can help find problems in the requirements "since it requires completely thinking through the operation of the application."

    sweref
    276 276

  • This technique is particularly useful for test-driven software development.

When validating requirements, either new or modified, consider including the following roles because all roles will review the requirements from a different perspective:

When available and appropriate, checklists and documented procedures are used for the various techniques selected for requirements validation to ensure consistency of application of the technique. 

Samples are included in the Resources section of this guidance, but Center procedures take precedence when conducting requirements validation activities at a particular Center.

A requirements traceability matrix may also be useful to ensure that all requirements are validated.  The matrix could include:

• Links to higher-level requirements which identify/define user needs.
• A place to record validation methods.
• A place to record or reference the validation results.

Some common issues related to requirements validation include:

• Confusing management of requirements with validation of requirements.
  • Managing requirements will not ensure they are correct.
• When using prototyping to validate requirements:
  • Failing to keep the focus on what the software is supposed to do.
  • Allowing the focus to shift to the how the system will look when it is done.
• Failing to re-validate requirements as they change during the project life cycle.
• Getting stakeholders with different views to agree on a single version of a requirement; interpretation can be troublesome.
• When using visual models to bridge the communication gaps among stakeholders, only translating a limited number of requirements into visual models (often due to time or budgetary constraints).
• Failing to link the text to visual models; both are needed for understanding.
• Failing to use a formal process to track all versions of the requirements as they change during the project.

Additionally, it is important to confirm with stakeholders that their needs and expectations remain adequately and correctly captured by the requirements following resolution of conflicting, impractical and/or unrealizable stakeholder requirements.

While the Software Requirements Review (SRR) addresses more than just "getting the requirements right", the SRR can include that action as part of the review.

Additional guidance related to requirements validation may be found in the following related requirements in this Handbook: