Tabsetup

	1. The Requirement
	1. The Requirement
1	2. Rationale
2	3. Guidance
3	4. Small Projects
4	5. Resources
5	6. Lessons Learned

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{alias:SWE-140} {tabsetup:1. The Requirement|2. Rationale|3. Guidance|4. Small Projects|5. Resources|} {div3:id=tabs-1} h1. 1. Requirements

Div

id	tabs-1

1. Requirements

6.3.5

When

the

requirement

and

software

class

are

marked

with

a

"P

(Center),"

Centers

and

projects

shall

meet

the

requirement

with

an

approved

non-null

subset

of

the

"shall"

statement

(or

approved

alternate)

for

that

specific

requirement.

h2. {color:#003366}{*}

1.1

Notes{*}{color}

Notes

Note:

The

use

of

partial

Center

(i.e.,

"P

(Center)")

requirements

allows

for

local

adaptations

to

suit

Center

and

application

unique

needs.

Although

the

NASA

Headquarters'

Office

of

the

Chief

Engineer

is

the

review

and

concurrence

authority

for

the

Center

defined

"P

(Center)"

requirements,

this

approval

does

not

constitute

a

deviation

nor

a

waiver.

The

project

or

Center

is

responsible

for

flowing

down

all

applicable

NPR

7150.2

requirements,

including

"P

(Center)"

requirements,

to

contracted

software

development

activities.

"P

(Center)"

requirements

are

typically

documented

in

Center-level

directives.

h2.

1.2

Implementation Notes from Appendix D NPR 7150.2A does not include any notes for this requirement. h2. 1.3

Applicability

Across

Classes

This

requirement

applies

to

all

classes

and

safety

criticalities

{applicable:asc=1\|ansc=1\|bsc=1\|bnsc=1\|csc=1\|cnsc=1\|dsc=1\|esc=1\|f=1\|g=p} {div3} {div3:id=tabs-2} h1. 2. Rationale The [NASA Governance and Strategic Management Handbook|http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayDir.cfm?t=NPD&c=1000&s=0A], NPD 1000.0A, provides the top level basis for establishing a non-null set of requirements in its paragraph

applicable

f	1
g	1
h	1
ansc	1
asc	1
bnsc	1
csc	1
bsc	1
esc	1
cnsc	1
dnsc	1
dsc	1
ensc	1

Div

id	tabs-2

2. Rationale

NPD 1000.0A, NASA Governance and Strategic Management Handbook,

sweref

	261
	261

provides the top-level basis for establishing a "non-null set" (a set that must contain at least one member) of requirements in its paragraph 3.4.2.2.2:

"Good

requirements

that

are

properly

managed

are

essential

to

any

successful

undertaking.

Part

of

establishing

the

proper

set

of

requirements

is

the

adjustment

of

prescribed

requirements

to

the

specific

task

(e.g.,

a

program

or

project)."

The

"P

(Center)"

approach

was

put

in

place

to

recognize

the

variety

of

NASA

projects,

applications,

and

existing

Center

directions

on

software

engineering

(

, e.g.,

"one

size

doesn't

necessarily

fit

all."

).

The

use

of

"P

(Center)"

allows

flexibility

in

the

implementation

of

over

sixty

60 per

cent

of

requirements

in

NPR

7150.

2A

2 for

one

or

more

classes

of

software.

The

flexibility

provided

by

these

locally

designated

subsets

of

Agency

software

requirements

enables

tailoring

of

the

original

SWE

requirements.  The OCE expects this tailoring to be guided by "risks vs. resources" trades that are performed by the Center engineering organizations or by the Engineering Technical Authority. NPR 7150.2 Appendix D Requirements Mapping Matrix indicates which requirements can be tailored using the "P (Center)" approach. The stipulation that the implementation include a 'non-null set' of the stated requirement indicates that projects are required to include some part of the requirement to assure the safe and efficient execution of software for the project. Because NASA projects' software products have wide variations in risk and scope, it is the responsibility of the Center's engineering organization or Engineering Technical Authority to develop and approve the best implementation of the non-null set. The Headquarters OCE reviews and concurs/non-concurs on a Center's P (Center) process approach and requirements subsets during periodic OCE surveys conducted at each Center. See SWE\-{color:#0000ff}127{color} and SWE\-{color:#0000ff}129{color} for guidance on the OCE concurrence process and appraisal surveys. {div3} {div3:id=tabs-3} h1. 3. Guidance NPR 7150.2A provides general guidance for the implementation of the P (Center) concept, but delegates the development of the actual approach and process steps down to each Center.  Because of this delegation Centers are able to develop subsets of requirements using the P (Center) approach that result in local adaptations to suit Center and application-unique needs. This general approach assures that Centers develop the requirements for their systems and work products to match the goals and objectives of their program and projects. {panel} !exclamation.gif! Centers are expected to document their approach for implementing the P (Center) requirements. {panel} The following paragraphs present two examples of approaches for implementing the P (Center) construct. Centers may develop uniform interpretations (individual descriptions, process steps, and work product definitions) for P (Center) requirement for each class of software. Software engineering process groups (SEPG) may be assigned to develop the approach and/or the subsets of requirements. The process groups typically record their work products, i.e., the minimally acceptale subsets, in Center-level directives. The peer and senior management review of these directives assures a center-wide agreement and implementation of these P (Center) adaptations. This approach is well suited for Centers with a large number of similar software applications. A variation on this approach could involve the definition of specific P (Center) requirement subsets by major application area (e.g., Space based systems, Aeronautics, Facilities) Other Centers may choose to assign the interpretation of P (Center) requirements to the Center Chief Engineer, the Engineering Technical Authority, or the software TA. The [NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements|http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayDir.cfm?Internal_ID=N_PR_7120_005D_&page_name=Chapter3#3_4]" document lists many of the basic duties of a TA. Being involved in the determination of the non-null set of requirements should assist the TA in the performance of these duties: "The _Engineering Technical Authority_ establishes and is responsible for the engineering design processes, specifications, rules, best practices, etc., necessary to fulfill programmatic mission performance requirements." This approach is well suited for Centers with a large number of dissimilar projects.  In a variation of this latter approach, Centers could have the software TA and the software team lead draft the P (Center) subsets together during the development of the project's compliance mapping matrix. This variation assures close and continuing interactions between the software TA and the software team lead.  It also supports precise alignment between the project needs and the non-null subset of approved requirements.  After a number of these software TA-software team lead interactions, the software TA will become more adept at matching non-null requirement subsets to projects. However, the approval of the P (Center) subset still resides with the software TA in this scenario, not the software team lead. The use of the term "{color:#0000ff}non-null set'{color} indicates that the software team lead must consider the requirement as a whole but may implement a prudent portion of it on the project.  The implementation may be the full extent of the stated requirement. It may be aspects related to safety only. It may reflect just the elements of the requirement for the project in question. The use of the phrase "(or approved alternate)" refers to the potential change that may occur to a requirement of NPR 7150.2A through the use of SWE\-{color:#0000ff}120{color} and SWE\-{color:#0000ff}121{color}.  If the OCE approves a request under SWE-120 for a specific alternate requirement, the intent of the 'non-null set' portion of this requirement will still apply. The development of these non-null subsets of the P (Center) requirements for use on contracted efforts are also considered during the execution of the {color:#0000ff}software acquisition process{color}. (See the {color:#0000ff}topic on software acquisition in Book 2{color}). Headquarters OCE will review each Center's P (Center) approach and documentation during periodic OCE surveys conducted at the Centers. The Center's approach should indicate if it uses the uniform interpretations Center directives approach, the individually tailored engineering TA approach, or a different locally developed approach. The description of the Center approach should be documented in the Center's Engineering Technical Authority Implementation Plan. Individual projects should be aware, however, that the OCE may review their compliance matrix and specific implementation of P (Center) requirements outside of these periodic surveys. Note that projects frequently elect to go beyond the minimal subset of P (Center) requirements to address specific risks. {panel} !exclamation.gif!Consult Center directives, PALS, and Engineering Technical Authority Plans for information detailing local direction on implementing P (Center) subsets of the SWEs. Within a project, P (Center) subsets should be base lined in the software compliance matrix. {panel} {div3} {div3:id=tabs-4} h1. 4. Small Projects The implementation of the P (Center) requirements might result in a very minimal set that is applicable to small projects. Documentation requirements from Chapter 5 in NPR 7150.2A are typical candidates for Center scrubbing on small projects. {div3} {div3:id=tabs-5} h1. 5. Resources 1.      "[NASA Governance and Strategic Management Handbook|http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayDir.cfm?t=NPD&c=1000&s=0A]",  NPD 1000.0A, 2008. 2.      "[NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements|http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayDir.cfm?Internal_ID=N_PR_7120_005D_&page_name=Chapter3#3_4]", NPR 7120.5D, 2009. 3.      "[NASA Engineering and Program/Project Management Policy|http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayDir.cfm?t=NPD&c=7120&s=4D]", NPD 7120.4D, 2010 Please reference table {color:#0000ff}XYZ{color} in this handbook for a list of tools in use at NASA that may be relevant to this requirement.  Note that this table should not be considered all-inclusive, nor is it an endorsement of any particular tool.  Check with your Center to see what tools are available to facilitate compliance with this requirement. {div3} {tabclose}

requirements. The OCE (Office of the Chief Engineer) expects this tailoring to be guided by "risks vs. resources" trades that are performed by the Center engineering organizations or by the Engineering Technical Authority (TA). NPR 7150.2, Appendix D, Requirements Mapping Matrix, indicates which requirements can be tailored using the "P (Center)" approach.

The stipulation that the implementation include a non-null set of the stated requirement indicates that projects are required to include some part of the requirement to assure the safe and efficient execution of software for the project. Because NASA projects' software products have wide variations in risk and scope, it is the responsibility of the Center's engineering organization or Engineering TA to develop and approve the best implementation of the non-null set. The Headquarters' OCE reviews and concurs/non-concurs on a Center's P (Center) process approach and requirements subsets during periodic OCE surveys conducted at each Center. See SWE-127 and SWE-129 for guidance on the OCE concurrence process and appraisal surveys.

Div

id	tabs-3

3. Guidance

NPR 7150.2 provides general guidance for the implementation of the P (Center) concept but delegates the development of the actual approach and process steps down to each Center. Because of this delegation, Centers are able to develop subsets of requirements using the P (Center) approach that result in local adaptations to suit Center- and application-unique needs. This general approach assures that Centers develop the requirements for their systems and work products to match the goals and objectives of their program and projects.

Panel
Image Added Centers are expected to document their approach for implementing the P (Center) requirements.

The following paragraphs present two examples of approaches for implementing the P (Center) construct.

Centers may develop uniform interpretations (individual descriptions, process steps, and work product definitions) for P (Center) requirement for each class of software. Software engineering process groups (SEPGs) may be assigned to develop the approach and/or the subsets of requirements. The process groups typically record their work products, i.e., the minimally acceptable subsets, in Center-level directives. The peer and senior management review of these directives assures a Center-wide agreement and implementation of these P (Center) adaptations. This approach is well suited for Centers with a large number of similar software applications. A variation on this approach could involve the definition of specific P (Center) requirement subsets by major application area, e.g., space-based systems, aeronautics, facilities.

Other Centers may choose to assign the interpretation of P (Center) requirements to the Center Chief Engineer, the Engineering Technical Authority (TA), or the software TA. NPR 7120.5, NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements

sweref

	082
	082

, Chapter 3, lists many of the basic duties of a TA. Being involved in the determination of the non-null set of requirements aids the TA in the performance of these duties, as stated in section 3.3.6 of NPR 7120.5: "The Engineering Technical Authority establishes and is responsible for the engineering design processes, specifications, rules, best practices, etc., necessary to fulfill programmatic mission performance requirements." This approach is well suited for Centers with a large number of dissimilar projects. In a variation of this latter approach, Centers could have the software TA and the software team lead draft the P (Center) subsets together during the development of the project's compliance mapping matrix. This variation assures close and continuing interactions between the software TA and the software team lead. It also supports precise alignment between the project needs and the non-null subset of approved requirements. After a number of these software TA-software team lead interactions, the software TA will become more adept at matching non-null requirement subsets to projects. However, the approval of the P (Center) subset still resides with the software TA in this scenario, not the software team lead.

The use of the term "non-null set" indicates that the software team lead must consider the requirement as a whole but may implement a prudent portion of it on the project. The implementation may be the full extent of the stated requirement. It may be the aspects related to safety only. It may reflect just the elements of the requirement for the project in question.

The use of the phrase "(or approved alternate)" refers to the potential change that may occur to a requirement of NPR 7150.2 through the use of SWE -120 and SWE -121. If the OCE approves a request under SWE-120 for a specific alternate requirement, the intent of the non-null set portion of this requirement will still apply.

The development of these non-null subsets of the P (Center) requirements for use on contracted efforts are also considered during the execution of the software acquisition process. (See the Topic 7.03 - Acquisition Guidance in Book C).

The Headquarters' OCE will review each Center's P (Center) approach and documentation during periodic OCE surveys conducted at the Centers. The Center's approach is expected to indicate if it uses the uniform interpretations Center directives approach, the individually tailored engineering TA approach, or a different locally developed approach. The description of the Center approach is documented in the Center's Engineering Technical Authority Implementation Plan. For an individual project, the OCE may review its compliance matrix and specific implementation of P (Center) requirements outside of these periodic surveys.

Note that projects frequently elect to go beyond the minimal subset of P (Center) requirements to address specific risks.

Note
Consult Center directives, PALs (Process Asset Library), and Engineering Technical Authority Implementation Plans for information detailing local direction on implementing P (Center) subsets of the SWEs. Within a project, P (Center) subsets are baselined in the software compliance matrix.

Div

id	tabs-4

4. Small Projects

The implementation of the P (Center) requirements might result in a very minimal set that is applicable to small projects. Documentation requirements from Chapter 5 in NPR 7150.2 are typical candidates for Center scrubbing on small projects.

Div

id	tabs-5

5. Resources

refstable

toolstable

Div

id	tabs-6

6. Lessons Learned

No lessons learned have currently been identified for this requirement.

Content

Space Tools

Versions Compared

Old Version 4

New Version Current

Key

1. Requirements

1.1

Notes

1.2

Applicability

Across

Classes

This

2. Rationale

3. Guidance

4. Small Projects

5. Resources

6. Lessons Learned

Content

Space Tools

Page History

Versions Compared

Old Version 4

New Version Current

Key

1. Requirements

1.1

Notes

1.2

Applicability

Across

Classes

This

2. Rationale

3. Guidance

4. Small Projects

5. Resources

6. Lessons Learned